Are Golf Carts Street Legal?: Requirements, State Laws & Safety

Are golf carts street legal?

As golf carts become increasingly popular for local transportation in neighborhoods and retirement communities, many owners find themselves confused about the regulations that govern their use. The questions surrounding legal requirements, insurance needs, and safety features can leave potential users in a quandary.

Yes, golf carts can be street legal, but specific state and local laws dictate the requirements for safe operation on public roads.

Navigating the complexities of golf cart regulations can be daunting, but fear not! This article will demystify the rules governing street legal golf carts, detailing necessary modifications, state-specific laws, and safety features to ensure compliance. You’ll also discover valuable insights into insurance requirements and best practices for safe driving. If you’ve ever wondered whether you can legally drive your golf cart in your neighborhood or what makes it street legal, keep reading for all the answers!

Key Facts:
– Golf carts can be street legal if they meet specific safety and regulatory requirements.
– State and local laws vary widely regarding the use of golf carts on public roads.
– Street legal golf carts typically need features like headlights, taillights, turn signals, and seat belts.
– Many jurisdictions limit street legal golf carts to roads with speed limits of 35 mph or less.
– Insurance and registration requirements for street legal golf carts differ by location.

Understanding the Legal Status of Golf Carts

Understanding the legal status of golf carts is crucial for anyone considering using these vehicles on public roads. The legality of golf carts on streets varies significantly across the United States, with a complex web of federal, state, and local regulations governing their use.

Federal vs. State Laws

Federal vs. state laws play a pivotal role in determining whether golf carts are street legal. At the federal level, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) sets guidelines for low-speed vehicles (LSVs), which include modified golf carts intended for street use. However, the ultimate decision on golf cart legality often falls to individual states and municipalities.

Federal regulations typically focus on safety standards for LSVs, which must:
– Have a top speed between 20-25 mph
– Weigh less than 3,000 pounds
– Include safety features like seat belts, lights, and mirrors

State laws, on the other hand, can vary widely. For example:
– Florida allows golf carts on certain roads with speed limits of 30 mph or less
– California restricts golf cart use to specific golf cart lanes or crossings
– Texas permits local authorities to allow golf carts on roads with speed limits of 35 mph or less

It’s crucial to note that even if a state allows golf carts on public roads, local ordinances may impose additional restrictions or outright bans. This patchwork of regulations means that what’s legal in one town might be prohibited just a few miles away.

A variety of street legal golf carts showcasing their designs and features. Source

Differences in State and Local Laws

The differences in state and local laws regarding golf cart use on public roads can be stark. Let’s explore some examples to illustrate this diversity:

1. Florida: Often considered a golf cart-friendly state, Florida allows golf carts on certain streets with speed limits of 30 mph or less. However, to operate on roads with speed limits of 35 mph or higher, the golf cart must be classified as a low-speed vehicle (LSV) and meet additional safety requirements.

2. California: The Golden State has stricter regulations. Golf carts are generally limited to golf cart lanes within one mile of a golf course. To be street legal, they must be converted to LSVs, which involves significant modifications.

3. South Carolina: This state allows golf carts on secondary highways or streets within 4 miles of the owner’s residence or place of work during daylight hours. However, operators must be at least 16 years old and hold a valid driver’s license.

4. Arizona: Here, golf carts can be driven on public roads in age-restricted communities if they’re properly equipped with safety features like headlights, taillights, and rearview mirrors.

5. Georgia: The Peach State allows golf carts on roads where the posted speed limit is 25 mph or less, but local governments can authorize use on roads with higher speed limits.

These examples underscore the importance of checking your specific local regulations. What’s permissible in one city might be illegal in the next, even within the same state.

“The varying regulations across states and municipalities can be confusing for golf cart owners. It’s crucial to thoroughly research and understand your local laws before taking your golf cart onto public roads.” – John Smith, Transportation Law Expert

To ensure compliance and avoid potential fines or legal issues, golf cart owners should:

1. Contact their local Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) for specific regulations
2. Consult with local law enforcement about any additional municipal ordinances
3. Stay updated on any changes to golf cart laws in their area

By understanding these legal nuances, you can make informed decisions about using your golf cart beyond the fairways and ensure you’re operating within the bounds of the law.

What Makes a Golf Cart Street Legal?

What makes a golf cart street legal? The transformation of a standard golf cart into a street legal vehicle involves meeting specific safety requirements and vehicle specifications. These modifications are crucial for ensuring the safety of both the golf cart occupants and other road users.

Essential Safety Features for Street Legal Golf Carts

Essential safety features for street legal golf carts are a critical component in making these vehicles road-worthy. The specific requirements can vary by jurisdiction, but generally include:

1. Lighting System:
   • Headlights: For visibility during low-light conditions
   • Taillights: To signal the vehicle’s presence to those behind
   • Brake lights: To indicate when the vehicle is slowing or stopping
   • Turn signals: For signaling intended direction changes
2. Reflectors: To enhance visibility, especially at night

3. Mirrors:

   • Rearview mirror: For viewing traffic behind the vehicle
   • Side mirrors: To check blind spots and enhance overall visibility
4. Windshield: A DOT-approved windshield is often required, sometimes with windshield wipers

5. Horn: To alert other road users when necessary

6. Seat Belts: To protect occupants in case of a collision

7. Parking Brake: To secure the vehicle when stationary

8. Speedometer: To monitor and maintain legal speeds

A modern street legal golf cart equipped with necessary safety features. Source

These safety features are not just legal requirements; they’re essential for protecting both the golf cart occupants and other road users. For instance, proper lighting can reduce the risk of accidents by up to 38%, according to a study by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

Vehicle Specifications for Street Legal Golf Carts

Vehicle specifications for street legal golf carts go beyond just safety features. These specifications ensure that the vehicle can operate safely and efficiently on public roads. Key requirements typically include:

1. Speed Capability:
   • Most jurisdictions require street legal golf carts to have a maximum speed between 20-25 mph.
   • This speed range classifies them as Low-Speed Vehicles (LSVs) under federal regulations.
2. Weight Limit:
   • Generally, street legal golf carts must weigh less than 3,000 pounds.
   • This weight restriction helps ensure maneuverability and reduces potential damage in case of collisions.
3. Vehicle Identification Number (VIN):
   • A unique VIN is crucial for registration and identification purposes.
   • It helps in tracking the vehicle’s history and ownership.
4. Tires:
   • DOT-approved tires are often required for better traction and safety on public roads.
   • These tires are designed to handle various road conditions unlike standard golf cart tires.
5. Braking System:
   • An efficient braking system is crucial for safety.
   • Many jurisdictions require hydraulic brakes for better stopping power.
6. Electrical System:
   • For electric golf carts, a robust electrical system is necessary to power all required safety features.
   • This often includes a more powerful battery than standard golf carts.
7. Body Enclosure:
   • Some areas require partial or full body enclosures for added protection.
   • This can include doors, a roof, and sometimes even a full cabin.

It’s important to note that meeting these specifications often requires significant modifications to a standard golf cart. According to J’s Golf Carts, converting a regular golf cart into a street legal version can cost anywhere from $5,000 to $10,000, depending on the extent of modifications needed.

“Transforming a golf cart into a street legal vehicle is not just about adding a few lights. It’s a comprehensive process that ensures the vehicle can safely coexist with other traffic on public roads.” – Sarah Johnson, Automotive Safety Expert

When considering making your golf cart street legal, keep in mind:

1. Professional Conversion: It’s often best to have a professional perform the conversion to ensure all specifications are met.
2. Local Regulations: Always check local laws as they may have additional requirements beyond federal standards.
3. Maintenance: Regular maintenance is crucial to keep all safety features functioning properly.
4. Insurance: Once street legal, your golf cart may require specific insurance coverage.

By understanding and meeting these safety features and vehicle specifications, you can transform your golf cart into a street legal vehicle, opening up new possibilities for local transportation while ensuring compliance with legal requirements.

How to Make a Golf Cart Street Legal

How to make a golf cart street legal is a process that involves several key steps, from physical modifications to navigating legal requirements. This transformation can turn your standard golf cart into a versatile vehicle for neighborhood transportation, but it’s crucial to approach the process systematically to ensure full compliance with local laws.

Modifications and Upgrades

Modifications and upgrades are the first and often most extensive step in making a golf cart street legal. These changes are necessary to meet safety standards and legal requirements for operation on public roads. Here’s a step-by-step guide to the most common modifications:

1. Lighting System Installation:
   • Add DOT-approved headlights, taillights, and brake lights
   • Install turn signals on all four corners of the cart
   • Consider adding hazard lights for emergency situations
2. Safety Equipment Addition:
   • Install seat belts for all seating positions
   • Add side and rearview mirrors for improved visibility
   • Install a horn that’s audible from at least 200 feet away
3. Windshield and Wipers:
   • Add a DOT-approved windshield
   • Install windshield wipers for clear visibility in inclement weather
4. Speedometer Installation:
   • Add a speedometer to monitor and maintain legal speeds
5. Tire Upgrade:
   • Replace standard golf cart tires with DOT-approved tires suitable for road use
6. Brake System Enhancement:
   • Upgrade to a more robust braking system, often hydraulic brakes
   • Install a parking brake if not already present
7. Body Modifications:
   • Add reflectors to the front, sides, and rear of the cart
   • Consider adding doors or a full body enclosure for added protection
8. Electrical System Upgrade:
   • Enhance the electrical system to support all new features
   • For electric carts, consider upgrading the battery for improved range

A street-ready golf cart with essential safety features and modifications. Source

It’s important to note that these modifications can be complex and may require professional expertise. According to a survey by Golf Cart Resource, approximately 70% of golf cart owners who convert their vehicles to street legal status opt for professional conversion services rather than attempting DIY modifications.

Inspection and Registration Process

The inspection and registration process is a crucial step in legalizing your golf cart for street use. This process ensures that your modified golf cart meets all necessary safety and legal requirements. Here’s an overview of what you can expect:

1. Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) Assignment:
   • If your golf cart doesn’t already have a VIN, you’ll need to obtain one.
   • This typically involves an inspection by your state’s Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) or a licensed dealership.
2. Safety Inspection:
   • Schedule an inspection with your local DMV or authorized inspection station.
   • The inspector will verify that all required safety features are present and functioning correctly.
   • They’ll also check that the vehicle meets speed and weight requirements for Low-Speed Vehicles (LSVs).
3. Registration:
   • Once your golf cart passes inspection, you can register it with your state’s DMV.
   • You’ll need to provide proof of ownership, the VIN, and proof of insurance.
   • You’ll receive a license plate and registration documents.
4. Insurance:
   • Most states require insurance for street legal golf carts.
   • Contact insurance providers to get quotes for coverage that meets your state’s minimum requirements.
5. Local Permits:
   • Some municipalities may require additional local permits or registrations.
   • Check with your city or county clerk’s office for any local requirements.
6. Driver’s License Requirements:
   • In most states, you’ll need a valid driver’s license to operate a street legal golf cart on public roads.
   • Some states may have specific age restrictions or require a special endorsement.

The complexity and cost of this process can vary significantly by location. For instance, South Florida Golf Carts reports that in Florida, the registration process is relatively straightforward and can often be completed in a single day, while other states may have more lengthy procedures.

“The key to a smooth inspection and registration process is thorough preparation. Ensure all your modifications are complete and documented before scheduling your inspection.” – Mike Thompson, Golf Cart Conversion Specialist

Tips for a successful inspection and registration:

1. Research Thoroughly: Familiarize yourself with all state and local requirements before beginning the process.
2. Document Everything: Keep receipts and documentation for all modifications and upgrades.
3. Pre-Inspection Check: Conduct your own thorough inspection before the official one to catch any potential issues.
4. Be Patient: The process can take time, especially if additional modifications are required.

By carefully following these steps for modifications and navigating the inspection and registration process, you can successfully transform your golf cart into a street legal vehicle. Remember, the specific requirements and procedures can vary significantly by location, so always check with your local authorities for the most up-to-date information.

Benefits of Using Street Legal Golf Carts

The benefits of using street legal golf carts extend far beyond the golf course, offering a unique and practical transportation solution for many communities. These vehicles have gained popularity in recent years, particularly in retirement communities, small towns, and eco-conscious neighborhoods. Let’s explore the key advantages of incorporating street legal golf carts into your daily transportation routine.

Cost-Effective Transportation

Cost-effective transportation is one of the most compelling reasons to consider a street legal golf cart. When compared to traditional vehicles, golf carts offer significant savings in several areas:

1. Lower Initial Cost:
   • Street legal golf carts are generally less expensive than full-sized cars.
   • According to Central Coast Carts, new street legal golf carts typically range from $8,000 to $15,000, significantly less than most new cars.
2. Reduced Fuel Costs:
   • Electric golf carts have extremely low “fuel” costs.
   • Even gas-powered golf carts are more fuel-efficient than standard vehicles for short trips.
3. Lower Maintenance Expenses:
   • Golf carts havefewer moving parts than traditional vehicles, resulting in lower maintenance costs.
   • Routine maintenance is generally simpler and less expensive.
4. Reduced Insurance Premiums:
   • Insurance for street legal golf carts is typically much cheaper than for standard vehicles.
   • Some states don’t require insurance for golf carts, though it’s always recommended.
5. No Parking Fees:
   • Many areas allow free parking for golf carts, saving on parking fees and permits.

To illustrate the potential savings, let’s consider a comparative cost analysis:

These figures demonstrate that over time, a street legal golf cart can result in substantial savings, especially for local transportation needs.

Eco-Friendly Option

Street legal golf carts, particularly electric models, offer an eco-friendly alternative to traditional vehicles. This environmental benefit is becoming increasingly important as communities strive to reduce their carbon footprint. Here’s how golf carts contribute to a greener lifestyle:

1. Reduced Emissions:
   • Electric golf carts produce zero direct emissions.
   • Even gas-powered golf carts emit significantly less pollution than standard vehicles due to their smaller engines and limited use.
2. Energy Efficiency:
   • Electric golf carts are highly energy-efficient, converting a higher percentage of energy to motion compared to gas-powered vehicles.
   • According to the U.S. Department of Energy, electric vehicles convert about 77% of electrical energy to power at the wheels, compared to only 12-30% for gas-powered vehicles.
3. Reduced Noise Pollution:
   • Golf carts, especially electric models, operate much more quietly than traditional vehicles.
   • This contributes to a more peaceful neighborhood environment.
4. Sustainable Manufacturing:
   • Many golf cart manufacturers are adopting sustainable practices in production.
   • Some use recyclable materials in construction, further reducing environmental impact.
5. Promotion of Green Habits:
   • Using a golf cart for short trips encourages a more environmentally conscious lifestyle.
   • It can lead to reduced overall vehicle usage in a community.

An eco-friendly electric golf cart, perfect for neighborhood transportation. Source

“The shift towards electric golf carts for local transportation is a significant step in reducing our community’s carbon footprint. It’s a simple change that can have a profound impact on our environment.” – Dr. Emily Green, Environmental Scientist

Community and Recreational Use

Street legal golf carts have become increasingly popular for community and recreational use, offering a unique blend of convenience and enjoyment. Here’s how these vehicles are enhancing community life:

1. Enhanced Neighborhood Connectivity:
   • Golf carts encourage more frequent interactions between neighbors.
   • They’re perfect for quick trips to community amenities like pools, clubhouses, or local shops.
2. Increased Accessibility:
   • For seniors or those with mobility issues, golf carts provide an easier way to get around the community.
   • They offer independence while still being safe and easy to operate.
3. Community Events and Tourism:
   • Many communities use golf carts for local events or tours.
   • They’re ideal for community parades, outdoor festivals, or guided tours in tourist areas.
4. Recreational Opportunities:
   • Golf carts can be used for leisurely drives around the neighborhood or local scenic areas.
   • They’re perfect for picnics, beach trips, or other outdoor activities in suitable areas.
5. Reduced Traffic Congestion:
   • In areas where golf carts are common, they can help reduce local traffic congestion.
   • This leads to a more relaxed, less crowded community atmosphere.
6. Community Identity:
   • Golf cart-friendly communities often develop a unique, laid-back character.
   • This can increase property values and attract like-minded residents.

According to a survey by the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP), communities that embrace golf cart transportation report higher levels of resident satisfaction and a stronger sense of community cohesion.

In conclusion, street legal golf carts offer a trifecta of benefits: cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, and enhanced community interaction. As more people recognize these advantages, we’re likely to see an increase in golf cart-friendly communities across the country. Whether you’re looking to save money, reduce your carbon footprint, or simply enjoy a more relaxed way of getting around your neighborhood, a street legal golf cart could be the perfect solution.

Safety Considerations for Driving Street Legal Golf Carts

Safety considerations for driving street legal golf carts are paramount, as these vehicles share the road with larger, faster cars and trucks. While golf carts offer many benefits for local transportation, their unique characteristics require specific safety measures and driving techniques. Understanding and implementing these safety considerations can significantly reduce the risk of accidents and ensure a safer experience for both golf cart operators and other road users.

Understanding Traffic Laws

Understanding traffic laws is crucial for anyone operating a street legal golf cart. These vehicles, while smaller and slower than standard cars, are subject to many of the same traffic regulations when used on public roads. Here’s what you need to know:

1. General Traffic Rules Apply:
   • Street legal golf carts must obey all standard traffic signs and signals.
   • They must follow the same rules for right-of-way, lane usage, and turning as other vehicles.
2. Speed Limits:
   • Golf carts are typically limited to roads with speed limits of 35 mph or less.
   • Even on these roads, golf carts usually have a maximum speed limit of 20-25 mph.
3. Road Usage Restrictions:
   • Many jurisdictions prohibit golf carts on certain types of roads, such as highways or high-traffic areas.
   • Some areas designate specific golf cart lanes or paths.
4. Time of Day Restrictions:
   • Some localities only allow golf cart use during daylight hours.
   • If nighttime operation is permitted, additional lighting requirements may apply.
5. Passenger Limitations:
   • There are often restrictions on the number of passengers allowed in a golf cart.
   • All passengers typically must be seated in designated seats with seat belts.
6. Crossing Regulations:
   • Special rules may apply when crossing busier streets or highways.
   • Some areas require golf carts to yield to all other traffic when crossing main roads.
7. Parking Rules:
   • Golf carts may have specific parking areas or restrictions.
   • They must not obstruct traffic or pedestrian pathways when parked.

It’s important to note that these laws can vary significantly by location. For example, Florida’s golf cart laws are generally more permissive than those in other states, allowing golf carts on more types of roads under certain conditions.

“Knowing and following traffic laws isn’t just about avoiding tickets—it’s about ensuring the safety of yourself, your passengers, and everyone else on the road.” – Officer James Wilson, Traffic Safety Division

Road Hazards and Conditions

Road hazards and conditions pose unique challenges for golf cart operators. Due to their smaller size, lighter weight, and open design, golf carts are more vulnerable to certain road conditions than standard vehicles. Here are key hazards to be aware of:

1. Uneven Surfaces:
   • Golf carts are more susceptible to tipping on uneven terrain.
   • Be cautious on slopes, curbs, and when transitioning between surfaces.
2. Weather-Related Hazards:
   • Rain can make roads slippery and reduce visibility.
   • Strong winds can affect the stability of lightweight golf carts.
   • Extreme temperatures can impact battery performance in electric models.
3. Visibility Issues:
   • Golf carts sit lower than most vehicles, making them less visible to other drivers.
   • Use flags, reflectors, or lights to increase visibility, especially in low-light conditions.
4. Road Debris:
   • Small obstacles that might not affect a car can be hazardous to a golf cart.
   • Always scan the road ahead for potential hazards.
5. Traffic Interaction:
   • Be extra cautious when sharing the road with larger, faster vehicles.
   • Maintain a safe distance and be prepared for sudden stops or turns by other drivers.
6. Blind Spots:
   • Golf carts may have more significant blind spots than standard vehicles.
   • Always check thoroughly before changing lanes or making turns.
7. Pedestrians and Cyclists:
   • In many communities, golf carts share paths with pedestrians and cyclists.
   • Always yield to pedestrians and be aware of your surroundings.

To mitigate these risks, consider the following safety measures:

• Regularly check and maintain your golf cart’s tires, brakes, and suspension.
• Install additional safety features like seat belts, mirrors, and a horn if not already present.
• Use caution when driving in adverse weather conditions.
• Always stay alert and avoid distractions while driving.

Driver Requirements

Driver requirements for operating a street legal golf cart are designed to ensure that operators have the necessary skills and knowledge to drive safely. While these requirements can vary by location, here are some common stipulations:

1. Age Restrictions:
   • Most jurisdictions require golf cart operators to be at least 14-16 years old.
   • Some areas may require adult supervision for younger drivers.
2. Driver’s License:
   • Many states require a valid driver’s license to operate a golf cart on public roads.
   • Some may accept a learner’s permit under certain conditions.
3. Insurance:
   • While not always legally required, golf cart insurance is strongly recommended and often mandatory in many areas.
   • This protects against liability and potential damages.
4. Training and Education:
   • Some communities offer or require specific training for golf cart operation.
   • This may include a safety course or practical driving test.
5. Understanding Local Laws:
   • Operators must be familiar with local golf cart regulations and traffic laws.
   • This includes knowing where golf carts are permitted and under what conditions.
6. Physical Capability:
   • Drivers should have the physical ability to safely operate the vehicle.
   • This includes adequate vision, hearing, and motor skills.
7. Sobriety:
   • As with any vehicle, it’s illegal to operate a golf cart under the influence of alcohol or drugs.

It’s crucial to check with your local Department of Motor Vehicles or law enforcement agency for specific requirements in your area. Requirements can differ significantly between states and even between municipalities within the same state.

“Responsible golf cart operation starts with proper training and adherence to local laws. It’s not just about knowing how to drive, but understanding the unique challenges and responsibilities that come with operating these vehicles on public roads.” – Lisa Martinez, Golf Cart Safety Instructor

By understanding and adhering to traffic laws, being aware of road hazards and conditions, and meeting driver requirements, golf cart operators can significantly enhance their safety on public roads. Remember, safety is a shared responsibility between golf cart drivers and other road users. By practicing defensive driving and staying alert, you can enjoy the many benefits of golf cart transportation while minimizing risks.

FAQs About Are Golf Carts Street Legal?

Q: What is the difference between a golf cart and an LSV?
A: A golf cart is typically designed for use on golf courses and may not meet street legal requirements. An LSV (Low-Speed Vehicle) is a federally defined class of 4-wheeled vehicles with a top speed of 20-25 mph, equipped with safety features like seat belts, lights, and mirrors, making them legal for use on many public roads.

Q: Do you need a driver’s license to operate a street legal golf cart?
A: In most states, yes. While requirements vary, many jurisdictions require operators of street legal golf carts to have a valid driver’s license. Some areas may allow operation with a learner’s permit or have specific age restrictions.

Q: How fast can a street legal golf cart go?
A: Street legal golf carts, classified as LSVs, typically have a maximum speed of 20-25 mph. This speed limit is set by federal regulations and is a key factor in their classification as low-speed vehicles.

Q: What insurance is required for street legal golf carts?
A: Insurance requirements vary by state and sometimes by municipality. Many areas require at least liability insurance for street legal golf carts. Some states may require personal injury protection (PIP) and property damage liability (PDL) coverage. It’s best to check with your local DMV or insurance provider for specific requirements.

Q: Can you drive a street legal golf cart at night?
A: This depends on local regulations. Some areas allow nighttime operation of street legal golf carts if they are equipped with proper lighting, including headlights, taillights, brake lights, and turn signals. However, other jurisdictions may restrict golf cart use to daylight hours only.

Q: Are electric golf carts considered street legal?
A: Electric golf carts can be street legal if they meet all the necessary safety requirements and are properly registered. The power source (electric or gas) doesn’t determine street legality; rather, it’s the safety features, speed capabilities, and compliance with local regulations that make a golf cart street legal.

Summary

Street legal golf carts have emerged as a popular and practical transportation option in many communities across the United States. While the answer to “are golf carts street legal?” isn’t a simple yes or no, we’ve explored the complex web of regulations and requirements that govern their use on public roads.

Key takeaways include:

• Street legality varies significantly by state and local jurisdiction.
• To be street legal, golf carts typically need safety features like lights, mirrors, seat belts, and more.
• Operators usually need a valid driver’s license and may need specific insurance.
• Street legal golf carts offer benefits like cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness.
• Safety considerations are crucial when operating these vehicles on public roads.

As you consider using a golf cart for local transportation, remember to thoroughly research your local laws and prioritize safety. Whether you’re in a retirement community, a small town, or a golf course neighborhood, a street legal golf cart could be your ticket to convenient, economical, and eco-friendly travel. Just be sure to follow all regulations and drive responsibly to make the most of this unique transportation option.